Jurnal Terapi Wicara dan Bahasa

Peran Orang Tua dalam Mendampingi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus dengan ADHD dan Speech Delay di Rumah di Masyarakat Desa Kartika Bhakti

2026-06-04T10:08:21+00:00

Background: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and speech delay require special support to foster the development of their attention and communication skills. In settings where access to therapy is limited, the role of parents becomes particularly important. Objective: This study aims to describe the role of parents in supporting children with ADHD and speech delay at home. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. Data were collected through interviews and documentation. The study subjects were parents of a seven-year-old child diagnosed with ADHD and speech delay. Results: Parents act as caregivers, educators, and providers of stimulation through activities the child enjoys, the use of books and videos, and word repetition. Challenges faced include speech difficulties, hyperactive behavior, and limited access to therapy. Conclusion: Parents’ active role, patience, and consistency in providing stimulation at home positively contribute to the development of children with ADHD and speech delay.

Keywords: The Role of Parents, ADHD, Speech Delay.

Pengaruh Terapi Akupunktur dan Elektroakupunktur terhadap Penurunan Skala Nyeri Pinggang

2026-01-07T02:48:54+00:00

Background: Low back pain is a common disorder involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back. Acupuncture has been widely used as a method to treat low back pain. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapy on reducing low back pain. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two group pre test-post test design approach was used, involving 30 subjects experiencing low back pain. Subjects were divided into two groups: a treatment group that received electroacupuncture intervention and a control group that received manual acupuncture intervention. The intervention was performed 4 times at a frequency of twice a week for 2 weeks. Pain levels were measured using the QVAS scale before and after the intervention. Results: The analysis showed a significant reduction in the group that received the intervention, and electroacupuncture intervention had a greater effect on the pain scale for low back pain compared to the control group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture has been proven to be more effective in reducing low back pain.

Keywords: Electroacupuncture, Manual acupuncture, Low back pain

Efek Visual Motor Ability Enhancement Program (VMAEP) terhadap Visual Motor Integration (VMI), Visual Perception (VP), dan Motor Cordination (MC) pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

2026-02-15T05:07:01+00:00

Background: Inclusive education in Indonesia continues to face challenges, particularly in meeting the needs of children with special needs. Evidence indicates that difficulties in visual–motor integration (VMI), visual perception (VP), and motor coordination (MC) are closely associated with poor academic performance in reading, writing, and mathematics. Activity-based visual–motor interventions have shown promising outcomes. Objectives: Therefore, this study examines the effectiveness of the Visual Motor Ability Enhancement Program (VMAEP) in improving VMI, VP, and MC among children with special needs. Methods: This research employed a pre-experimental design with a pre test–post test approach. The study sample consisted of 20 children with special needs at Kamila GIS Lazuardi, recruited using a constitutive sampling technique. All participants received the VMAEP intervention and were assessed using the Beery VMI (Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration). Measurements were conducted twice, before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 20 children aged 4–14 years participated in this study. The mean VMI score changed by 0.43, while visual perception (VP) increased by 5.78 and motor coordination (MC) improved by 3.79. All p-values were < 0.05, indicating statistically significant effects. Cohen’s d analysis demonstrated a small-to-moderate effect on VMI (0.41), a large effect on VP (1.05), and a very large effect on MC (1.59). Conclusion: The findings indicated not only significant effects of VMAEP on VMI, VP, and MC among children with special needs, but also clinically meaningful effect sizes.

Keywords: Visual Motor Ability Enhacement Program (VMAEP), Visual Motor Integration, Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK).

Pengaruh Terapi Okupasi Membuat Handicraft terhadap Self-Esteem pada Pasien Skizofrenia

2026-03-05T05:12:35+00:00

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is often accompanied by self-concept problems, one of which is low self-esteem. Occupational therapy through handicraft activities is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that can increase a sense of accomplishment and self-esteem. Objectives: This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of occupational therapy intervention in the form of handicraft activities on increasing self-esteem in schizophrenia patients. Methods: This study used a quantitative design with a one-group pre-test post-test method. The sample consisted of 22 participants, selected based on purposive sampling. The instrument used to measure self-esteem was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The handicraft activity intervention was given in eight sessions. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Results: This study shows an increase in self-esteem scores after the handicraft intervention, as indicated by a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the handicraft intervention has an effect on increasing self- esteem in schizophrenia patients. Conclusion: Handicraft intervention is one of the effective non-pharmacological interventions to increase self-esteem scores in schizophrenia patients. There was a significant increase in patients aged 26-35 years and in male patients compared to female patients. This intervention can be recommended for occupational therapists in mental health facilities and can be used as a reference for further research.

Keywords: Occupational Therapist, Handicrafts, Self-Esteem, Schizophrenia

Effect of Balance Strategy Exercise Combined with an Occupational Therapy–Based Home Program on Functional Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2026-03-17T04:41:15+00:00

Background: Declines in balance ability and mobility are major factors that increase the risk of falls and reduce independence among community-dwelling older adults. Exercise programs targeting balance strategy exercises can improve postural control, while occupational therapy–based home programs help translate these improvements into meaningful daily activities. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of balance strategy exercises combined with an occupational therapy–based home program on functional mobility among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design involving 48 older adults living in RW VIII, Kemiri Village, Kebakkramat, Karanganyar. Functional mobility was measured using the Four Square Step Test. The intervention consisted of three stages of balance strategy exercises, including ankle strategy exercises, hip strategy exercises, and stepping strategy exercises, combined with an occupational therapy–based home program delivered according to a structured intervention module. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test after the normality assumption was confirmed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Results: The results of the paired t-test indicated a significant difference before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). An improvement in Four Square Step Test scores was observed following the balance strategy exercise and occupational therapy–based home program intervention, with a mean difference of 1.372. The combined intervention significantly improved functional mobility among older adults (p = 0.000). Most participants belonged to the elderly age group (76%), and 80% of the participants were female. Conclusion: The findings indicate that balance strategy exercises combined with an occupational therapy–based home program have a significant effect on improving functional mobility among community-dwelling older adults.

Keywords: Balance Strategy Exercise, Occupational Therapy, Home Program, Functional Mobility, Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Analisis Deskriptif Keseimbangan dan Risiko Jatuh Lansia Berbasis Komunitas di Desa Tohudan

2026-01-08T03:34:33+00:00

Background: Falls are a major health problem among older adults and contribute to injury, functional decline, and reduced quality of life. Balance impairment is one of the primary factors associated with fall risk. Early balance screening at the community level is essential to identify older adults at risk and to inform fall prevention strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to describe balance performance and fall risk among older adults in Tohudan Village. Methods: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥50 years. Balance performance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics and balance scores. Results: The mean age of participants was 64.97±6.50 years, with a mean BBS score of 45.95±2.46. Most participants demonstrated good to moderate balance, although several individuals scored near the fall-risk threshold. Conclusion: Older adults in Tohudan Village generally exhibit adequate balance; however, routine balance screening remains necessary to identify individuals at higher risk of falls and to support community-based preventive interventions.

Keywords : Older Adults, Balance, Fall Risk, Berg Balance Scale.

Perbedaan MET dengan MET-KT terhadap Nyeri Myofascial Trigger Point Otot Upper Trapezius

2026-03-17T03:43:42+00:00

Background: Continuous neck bowing activity and tends to be static will result in mechanical loads on the neck resulting in pain. Neck pain is one of the causes of myofascial trigger point pain in the upper trapezius muscle. In overcoming these disorders, the interventions that can be given are MET and kinesiotaping. Objectives: To determine the difference in the effect of MET with MET and KT on myofascial trigger point pain of the upper trapezius muscle. Methods: This study used an experimental design with two kelompoks with pre and post test which was carried out in June-July 2024, 6 treatments for 2 weeks at PT Indogarment with 31 subjects. The subject collection technique was randomized by taking a lottery number. kelompok A was given treatment in the form of MET and kelompok B was given MET and KT. Pain measurement using QVAS was carried out at the beginning and end of the study. Results: based on the results of statistical tests before and after treatment, in both kelompoks the results obtained p value = 0.001 (p 0.05) which indicates that in kelompok A and kelompok B there is no difference in effect. Conclusion: giving MET or MET and KT can reduce myofascial trigger point pain in the upper trapezius muscle but there is no difference in effect between the two treatment kelompoks.

Keywords: Muscle Energy Technique, Kinesiotapping, Pain, Myofascial Triger Point, Upper Trapezius.

Pengaruh Latihan Aerobik dan Massage Bagi Kesehatan Lansia

2026-03-18T04:00:16+00:00

Background: Older adults are vulnerable to hypertension due to age-related declines in physical function. Aerobic exercise and massage are commonly used non-pharmacological interventions to improve cardiovascular health. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic exercise and back massage on blood pressure reduction in older adults. Methods: A quasi-experimental two-group pretest–posttest design was conducted involving 30 older adults assigned to an aerobic exercise group (n = 15) and a massage group (n = 15). Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention and analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Results: Both groups showed significant reductions in blood pressure (p ≤ 0.05). The aerobic exercise group demonstrated greater decreases in systolic (12 mmHg) and diastolic (8 mmHg) pressure compared to the massage group (7 mmHg and 5 mmHg). Conclusion: Both interventions effectively reduced blood pressure, with aerobic exercise showing greater effectiveness.

Keywords: Elderly, Aerobic Exercise, Massage, Blood Pressure.

Peningkatan Keseimbangan Dinamis pada Lansia dengan Square Stepping Exercise di Posyandu Brotoseno Desa Indronatan

2026-03-30T06:38:11+00:00

Latar Belakang : Seiring bertambahnya usia, lansia mengalami penurunan fungsi keseimbangan akibat perubahan fisiologis dan anatomis seperti penurunan kekuatan otot, daya tahan, dan fungsi sensorik (penglihatan, vestibular, dan proprioseptif). Salah satu latihan yang terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis adalah Square Stepping Exercise (SSE). Latihan ini melibatkan pola langkah ke berbagai arah yang merangsang kerja sistem motorik dan sensorik secara simultan. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Square Stepping Exercise terhadap peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis pada lansia di Posyandu Brotoseno Desa Indronatan. Metode : Penelitian pre and post test without control design dilakukan di Posyandu Brotoseno, Sukoharjo, April 2025. Sampel lansia ≥60 tahun dengan skor Berg Balance Scale (BBS) 21–40 dipilih secara purposive. Intervensi Square Stepping Exercise diberikan 3 kali seminggu selama 4 minggu, dengan pengukuran keseimbangan sebelum dan sesudah latihan menggunakan BBS. Analisis data menggunakan uji t berpasangan atau Wilcoxon, dengan p<0,05. Hasil: Ada peningkatan namun tidak signifikan pada skor Berg Balance Scale setelah pemberian Square Stepping Exercise. Nilai p < 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa latihan Square Stepping Exercise berpengaruh namun tidak signifikan terhadap peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis pada lansia. Kesimpulan: Pemberian Square Stepping Exercise berpengaruh namun tidak signifikan terhadap peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis pada lansia di Posyandu Brotoseno Desa Indronatan.

Pengaruh Pemberian Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Fungsional pada Pasien Nyeri Leher Non Spesifik

2026-03-31T07:57:36+00:00

Background: Non-specific neck pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among industrial workers, often caused by prolonged static working postures and inadequate application of ergonomic principles. This condition can lead to muscle spasms, decreased joint mobility, and reduced functional ability of the neck. One physiotherapy intervention that can be used to address this condition is the Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAGs) technique. Objectives: To determine the effect of Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides on improving functional ability in patients with non-specific neck pain. Methods: This study used an experimental research design with a one-group with control design involving 30 research subjects who were randomly divided into groups. Functional ability was measured using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann–Whitney test. Results: The results showed that the application of SNAGs had a significant effect on improving functional ability in patients with non-specific neck pain (p = 0.001; p < 0.05), whereas the control group showed no significant change with a p-value of 0.059 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: SNAGs are effective in improving functional ability in patients with non-specific neck pain.

Keywords: Non-Specific Neck Pain, SNAGs, Functional Abilities, Neck Disability Index.

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Sadari dan Satistri pada Mahasiswa Fisioterapi Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta

2026-04-13T08:33:11+00:00

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Early detection through breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) plays a crucial role in reducing delayed diagnosis. Physiotherapy students, as future healthcare professionals, are expected to have adequate knowledge regarding early detection of breast cancer. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the level of knowledge about breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) among physiotherapy students at Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta. Methods: This study employed a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of physiotherapy students selected using purposive sampling technique with total subjek 100 students. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution and percentages. Results: The results showed that most respondents had a moderate to good level of knowledge; however, some students still demonstrated limited understanding, particularly regarding the procedures and timing of BSE and CBE. Conclusion: In conclusion, the level of knowledge among physiotherapy students regarding early detection of breast cancer is generally adequate, but further educational interventions are needed to improve their understanding comprehensively.

Keywords : Breast Self-Examination, Elinical Breast Examination, Knowledge, Physiotherapy Students, Cancer.

Deskripsi Permasalahan Suara pada Guru SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Banjarsari

2026-04-23T09:20:37+00:00

Background: Voice problems are conditions where the voice function does not function optimally due to overuse, inappropriate vokal technique, or exposure to an unfavorable environment. Junior high school teachers are a profession that relies heavily on the voice as a primary tool in the learning process. Objectives: This study aims to describe voice problems among public junior high school teachers in Banjarsari District and identify external factors, namely teaching duration and classroom noise levels. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a sample of 66 teachers selected through purposive sampling and who had passed two screening stages. Data were collected using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) instrument, along with information on weekly teaching duration and perceptions of classroom noise, which were analyzed univariately. Results: Based on the results of the univariate analysis, it was found that the majority of respondents, namely 58 teachers (87.9%), did not experience any impact from noise disturbances. Meanwhile, 3 teachers (4.5%) showed mild disturbances, 4 teachers (6.1%) showed moderate disturbances, and 1 teacher (1.5%) showed severe disturbances. The majority of respondents worked within the range of 20-30 hours per week, while the environmental disturbance conditions were mostly quiet. Conclusion: The majority of voice problems among public junior high school teachers in Banjarsari District were within the normal range. External factors such as teaching duration and classroom noise have the potential to impact vokal health, necessitating attention in preventing voice disorders.

Keywords: Voice Problems, Junior High School Teachers, Banjarsari District.

Analisis Penilaian Komponen Microstructure pada Kemampuan Menulis Anak Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar di Surakarta

2026-04-27T07:21:53+00:00

Background: Writing ability is a complex skill that integrates various elements of composition within a text. In the process of writing, several difficulties are often encountered, highlighting the need to examine writing ability from the perspective of microstructure component assessment. The microstructure components assessed include word choice, patterns of idea organization, the use of lexical and grammatical cohesive devices, and referential relationships among elements, all of which contribute to forming cohesive and coherent discourse. Objectives: To analyze and identify the level of writing proficiency of fourth-grade elementary school students in Surakarta based on microstructure component assessment. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive design to examine students’ writing outcomes based on microstructure component assessment. Data were collected using a cluster sampling technique, involving 60 student respondents. Results: The respondents consisted of 55% female students and 45% male students. The findings of the microstructure component assessment indicate that students’ writing abilities are at a moderate level. The average scores across most components fall within the moderate category. Conclusion: The writing ability of fourth-grade elementary school students still requires greater attention to support their ability to produce texts that align with proper writing elements. Based on the findings, several components fall into the low category, namely Mean Length of T-Unit (MLT T-Unit), Clauses, and Spelling (Spell). Meanwhile, components such as T-Unit, C-Clauses, Grammatical T-Unit (Gram T-Unit), and Writing Conventions (Conven) are categorized at a moderate level.

Keywords : Fourth Grade Elementary School, Writing Skills, Microstructure Component Assessment.

Profil Kecepatan Bicara pada Siswa Kelas 1 SD di Kota Surakarta

2026-04-28T10:19:02+00:00

Background: Speech rate has a significant impact in an individual’s communication ability and speech fluency in daily interactions. This aspect requires early attention, especially during the initial years of elementary education, which are known as a period of rapid development in children’s abilities.Objectives: to discover speech rate profile of first-grade elementary school students in Surakarta City and to escertain normative standards for speech rate. Methods: This study adopted a descriptive quantitative approach with a cross-sectional research design and univariate analysis. A total of 103 first-grade elementary school students participated from five districts in Surakarta City. Participants were selected according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results showed that the speech rate of first-grade students ranged between 35 and 118 words per minute and 73 to 267 syllables per minute. The average speech rate was 63 words per minute and 135 syllables per minute. Conclusion: Speech rate of first-grade elementary school students in Surakarta City falls into the moderate or normal category. Therefore, this study can provide preliminary information on first-grade students’ speech rates, which can support speech therapists in identifying and evaluating children’s speech issues, particularly those related to speech fluency, as well as in developing appropriate therapy program plans.

Keywords : Speech Rate, First-Grade Students, Elementary School, Standard Norms.

Profil Kemampuan Pemahaman Bahasa Lisan pada Lansia di Kelurahan Mojosongo

2026-04-29T07:57:47+00:00

Background: Elderly individuals undergo various physical, cognitive, and social changes that directly impact their communication skills, particularly in oral language comprehension. This ability is crucial for maintaining the quality of social interactions and ensuring adequate access to healthcare information. Objectives: The objective of this research is to investigate the oral language comprehension profiles of elderly residents in Mojosongo. The assessment focuses on general proficiency and specific performance across word and sentence levels—categorized by the elderly age group—using the TADIR (Aphasia Test for Diagnosis, Information, and Rehabilitation) instrument. Methods: A quantitative descriptive design was employed. The study included 30 older adults aged 60–74 years who were selected through purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. Results: Of the 30 participants, 5 individuals (16.7%) demonstrated impaired comprehension, 15 individuals (50.0%) showed mild impairment, and 10 individuals (33.3%) exhibited normal comprehension. The overall mean score was 4.17, indicating mild impairment. Word-level comprehension exceeded sentence level performance, with both groups showing a mean score of 1.67 at the sentence level. These results suggest persistent challenges related to syntactic integration, semantic processing, and working memory. Conclusion: Although most older adults retained functional communication abilities in daily contexts, mild limitations were evident, particularly in understanding complex sentences. These findings underscore the need for communication strategies that are linguistically accessible and supportive of age related cognitive changes.

Keywords: Elderly, Spoken Language Comprehension, TADIR, Mojosongo.

Pengaruh Edukasi Media Video Animasi tentang Pentingnya Tablet FE untuk Pencegahan Stunting terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja Putri di SMP N 1 Wedi

2026-05-04T06:19:59+00:00

Background: Stunting remains a health problem with high rates, including in Klaten Regency. Prevention can begin in adolescent girls by increasing knowledge about the importance of consuming iron tablets. Animated video media is considered more effective in increasing adolescent girls' knowledge regarding stunting prevention. Objectives: To determine the effect of educational media using animated video media about the importance of iron tablets on the knowledge of adolescent girls at SMP N 1 Wedi, Klaten Regency, as an effort to prevent anemia and stunting. Methods: This study used a quantitative method. The design used was a pre-experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study population was 129 eighth-grade female students at SMP N 1 Wedi, with a sample size of 40. The sampling technique used was Proportional Stratified Random Sampling. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The analysis technique used was the Wilcoxon test. Results: The study showed an increase in knowledge of adolescent girls regarding the importance of iron tablets in preventing stunting before and after being provided with education through animated videos at SMP N 1 Wedi, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Education using animated videos is effective in improving the knowledge of eighth-grade adolescent girls at SMP N 1 Wedi.

Keywords: Stunting, Iron Tablets, Adolescent Girls, Animated Video, Knowledge.

Manfaat Nebulizer, ACBT dan Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise pada Kasus Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) - Studi Kasus

2026-05-05T07:02:13+00:00

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and treatable condition, often characterized by dyspnea with or without wheezing, cough, and excessive sputum production. This condition leads to ineffective breathing patterns, decreased functional capacity, and limitations in activities of daily living. Physiotherapy management is required to help clear the airways, reduce dyspnea, improve ventilation, and enhance respiratory function. Objectives: To determine physiotherapy management in cases of COPD aimed at reducing dyspnea, improving lung volume capacity through enhanced thoracic expansion, and increasing functional capacity in activities of daily living. Methods: A case study was conducted on a COPD patient who received four treatment sessions using modalities including nebulizer therapy, the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT), and diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Evaluations were performed before and after the interventions using the Borg Scale to assess the degree of dyspnea, thoracic expansion anthropometry to evaluate chest expansion, and the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale to assess activity tolerance. Results: After four physiotherapy sessions consisting of nebulizer therapy, ACBT, and diaphragmatic breathing exercises, the patient showed improvement, with the Borg Scale score decreasing from grade 5 to grade 2, thoracic expansion increasing from 1–1.5 cm to 2 cm, and activity tolerance score improving from grade 3 to grade 2. Conclusion : A 63-year-old male patient (Mr. S) diagnosed with COPD demonstrated reduced dyspnea, increased inspiratory capacity, and improved activity tolerance following physiotherapy interventions including nebulizer therapy, ACBT, and diaphragmatic breathing exercises.

Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Nebulizer, ACBT, Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Minimal Pairs terhadap Kemampuan Fonologi pada Anak Down Syndrome di Surakarta

2026-05-06T15:45:39+00:00

Background: Down syndrome is a common genetic condition associated with intellectual limitations, specific health conditions, developmental delays, and distinctive physical characteristics. Children with Down syndrome experience delays in language development, particularly in phonological, syntactic, and pragmatic aspects, resulting in slower acquisition of speech sounds compared to typically developing children. Minimal pairs is a linguistically based, production-oriented approach that uses pairs of words differing by only one phoneme to train sound discrimination. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the Minimal pairs method on the phonological abilities of children with Down syndrome in Surakarta. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with an experimental design using a one-group pre-test–post-test design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a total of 6 participants. Data analysis was conducted using parametric statistical tests, namely the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Paired T-Test. Results: The results of the Paired T-Test showed a p-value (Sig.) of 0.037, where p < 0.05, indicating that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. This means that there is a significant difference in phonological abilities of children with Down syndrome before and after the intervention. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of the use of the Minimal pairs method on the phonological abilities of children with Down syndrome in Surakarta.

Keywords: Children, Down syndrome, Phonology, Minimal Pairs.

Pengaruh Auditory Biofeedback dalam Meningkatkan Aktivasi Otot pada Latihan Beban

2026-05-18T02:30:30+00:00

Background: The use of biofeedback in training programs can provide direct visual or auditory feedback so that muscle activation needs can be monitored and maintained to produce more efficient muscle contractions. This makes energy use and contractions more selective in the muscles being trained. In addition, the use of biofeedback also provides motivation during exercise. Biofeedback can display changes in muscle activation patterns such as onset and peak contraction of several muscles during weightlifting. A common problem in weight training is the magnitude of co-contraction between agonist and antagonist muscles, which often leads to decreased energy efficiency and disrupted movement patterns, indicated by compensatory movements during lifting. Co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles is very high in beginners during weight training and decreases as motor control improves. Objectives: To determine the effect of using auditory biofeedback in increasing selective activation of the pectoralis muscle during dumbbell chest press weight training. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional observation involving 50 adolescent subjects. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was attached to the pectoralis muscle to monitor muscle activation values during dumbbell chest press exercise. In the first session, the dumbbell chest press was performed without auditory feedback, but the sEMG remained attached and muscle activation results were monitored by the sEMG operator. In the second session, the dumbbell chest press was performed with auditory feedback. The results of pectoralis muscle activation based on sEMG recordings between exercises without and with auditory feedback were then compared. Results: The pectoralis muscle activation value during dumbbell chest press without auditory feedback had an average value of 63.38 ± 23.48 µV, whereas with auditory feedback the average was 82.55 ± 26.72 µV, with a significance value of p < 0.001. Conclusion: The average value of pectoralis muscle activation is higher when using auditory feedback compared to without it. Therefore, pectoralis muscle activation is greater when auditory feedback is used in weight training than without auditory feedback.

Keywords: Auditory Biofeedback, Muscle Activation, Weight Training.

Faktor Determinan Upaya Promosi Kesehatan Berbasis Choaching untuk Upaya Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

2026-06-08T18:39:12+00:00

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health problem, largely driven by modifiable risk factors. Health coaching has emerged as a promising health promotion approach to facilitate healthy behavior change; however, evidence regarding determinants of its success in community-based T2DM prevention remains limited. Objectives: To identify the determinants of health coaching-based health promotion in preventing T2DM among at-risk community members. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group study was conducted among 52 individuals at risk of T2DM participating in community-based non-communicable disease screening programs in Surakarta, Indonesia. Participants were allocated into an intervention group (n=26) receiving a six-month community-based health coaching program and a control group (n=26) receiving standard health education. T2DM risk was assessed using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC). Data were analyzed using Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact Test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Bivariate analysis showed significantly greater improvements in physical activity (53.8% vs 19.2%; p=0.011) and fruit and vegetable consumption (57.7% vs 23.1%; p=0.012) in the health coaching group compared with the control group. Multivariate analysis identified health coaching as the strongest determinant of successful T2DM risk reduction (OR=6.65; 95%CI=2.12–20.78; p=0.001). Increased physical activity (OR=3.37; p=0.018) and improved fruit and vegetable consumption (OR=2.60; p=0.043) were also significant predictors of risk reduction. Conclusion: Health coaching-based health promotion is an effective strategy for T2DM prevention and represents the strongest determinant of diabetes risk reduction through improvements in physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption among at-risk populations.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Health Coaching, Health Promotion, Determinants, FINDRISC.

Hubungan antara Kekuatan Menggenggam dan Kecepatan Berjalan pada Lanjut Usia

2026-05-19T08:05:13+00:00

Background: The aging process causes a decrease in body function, especially in the musculoskeletal system, such as reduced muscle strength, flexibility, endurance and bone density which can increase the risk of falls in the elderly. A decrease in muscle strength in the upper extremities is characterized by a decrease in gripping ability, while in the lower extremities it is characterized by a decrease in walking ability, including walking speed. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between grip strength and walking speed in elderly women. Methods: This research uses an observational method with a cross sectional approach. Measurements were made on grip strength using a handgrip dynamometer measuring instrument and walking speed using a 4 meter walk test measuring instrument on elderly women who were physically healthy and did not experience functional disorders, especially the function of grasping and walking independently. The data was analyzed to determine the relationship between the two variables. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between grip strength and walking speed with a p value <0.005 and a correlation coefficient r = -0.555 which showed a fairly strong relationship in the negative direction. where the decreasing grip strength increases the walking speed of the elderly. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a fairly strong relationship between grip strength and walking speed in elderly women.

Keywords: Grip Strength, Walking Speed, Elderly Women.

Pengaruh Isometric Handgrip Training terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Jatirahayu

2026-05-22T05:01:24+00:00

Background: Hypertension is a common health problem among the elderly and increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure. Isometric Handgrip Training (IHT) is a simple and practical non-pharmacological intervention that may help reduce blood pressure; however, its effectiveness still needs further investigation. Jatirahayu Public Health Center is one of the health centers with a relatively high number of hypertension cases, reaching 252 cases. Objectives: To determine the effect of Isometric Handgrip Training on blood pressure among elderly patients with hypertension. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 20 respondents divided into an intervention group (n=10) and a control group (n=10) selected using purposive sampling. The intervention group received IHT exercises three times per week for four weeks, while the control group only received health education through leaflets. Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Results: The paired sample t-test showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in the intervention group with a mean difference of −10.40 mmHg (p=0.004) compared to −1.50 mmHg in the control group, as well as a reduction in diastolic blood pressure with a mean difference of −6.80 mmHg (p=0.016) compared to −0.80 mmHg in the control group. The independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in systolic blood pressure (p=0.008), but not in diastolic blood pressure (p=0.051). Conclusion: Isometric Handgrip Training was effective in reducing systolic blood pressure among elderly patients with hypertension, but it did not show a significant effect on diastolic blood pressure after four weeks of intervention.

Keywords: Hypertension, Elderly, Isometric Handgrip Training, Blood Pressure.

Profil Kemampuan Fonologi pada Anak Kelas 1 SD di Kota Surakarta

2026-05-22T11:48:30+00:00

Background: Phonological skills are the basic ability to connect sounds with letters and recognize word patterns. Good phonological abilities make it easier for children to recognize letters and words, and increases their confidence when learning language and literacy. Objectives: This study aims to provide an overview of the phonological abilities of first-grade elementary school children and to provide an overview of the phonological abilities of first-grade elementary school girls and boys in Surakarta City. Methods: Quantitative method with descriptive analysis techniques through a cross-sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 102 first-grade elementary school children, comprising 52 girls and 50 boys. The sample was selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The instrument used was an articulation test analyzed based the phonological processes. Results: There were 9 respondents who were only able to produce 43 of the 44 consonants correctly. The phonological processes experienced included metathesis in two boys and one girl, final consonant deletion in one boy and one girl, gliding in two boys, backing in one boy, and initial consonant deletion in one boy. Conclusion: The phonological abilities of 7-year-old first graders still demonstrate several phonological processes. Overall, girls have superior phonological abilities compared to boys.

Keywords: Elementary School Children, Phonological Processes, Profile of Phonological Skills.

Eksplorasi Penggunaan Media Digital dalam Pelatihan Fonologi pada Anak Disleksia: Studi Kualitatif

2026-05-22T11:53:05+00:00

Background: Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects a child’s reading ability, particularly in the phonological domain. The use of digital applications such as Bookbot Indonesia offers an alternative approach to phonological training. However, the user experience in its implementation still needs to be examined. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the experiences, perceptions, and significance of implementing digital app-based phonology training in improving the reading skills of children with dyslexia. Methods: A qualitative approach with a phenomenological design involving 7 participants, including children with dyslexia, parents, and teachers at Mojosongo State Elementary School V. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and passive observation, and then analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The study findings indicate that using the Bookbot Indonesia app provides a more interactive learning experience and increases children’s engagement in reading practice. Participants also reported improvements in their ability to recognize sounds and letters. However, several challenges were identified, such as distractions from device use, difficulty understanding instructions, and limited supervision during app use. Conclusion: These findings suggest that digital app-based phonology training has the potential to improve reading skills in children with dyslexia when implemented consistently and accompanied by appropriate support. Optimizing the app’s features and support strategies is necessary to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of the intervention.

Keywords: Digital Applications, Dyslexia, Phonological Training, Reading Ability, Qualitative Research.

Perbedaan Pengaruh Latihan Aerobik dan Interval Walking Training terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Puasa pada Individu dengan Risiko Stroke

2026-05-25T04:36:22+00:00

Background: High fasting blood sugar levels are one of the main risk factors for stroke, especially in the elderly population. Aerobic exercise and Interval Walking Training (IWT) are physical activity interventions that can help improve glycemic control. Objectives: To determine the difference in the effect of aerobic exercise and Interval Walking Training (IWT) on fasting blood sugar levels in individuals at risk of stroke. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach in two treatment groups. A total of 48 respondents aged 45–70 years were divided into an aerobic exercise group and an Interval Walking Training (IWT) group. The intervention was conducted for 4 weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week. Fasting blood sugar levels were measured using Point of Care Testing (POCT). Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The aerobic exercise group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar levels (p = 0.000), whereas the Interval Walking Training (IWT) group did not show a significant decrease (p = 0.157). The Mann-Whitney test indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise is more effective than Interval Walking Training (IWT) in reducing fasting blood sugar levels in individuals at risk of stroke.

Keywords: Aerobic Exercise, Interval Walking Training, Fasting Blood Glucose, Stroke Risk.

Pengaruh Metode Bercerita terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Bahasa Ekspresif pada Anak Intelektual Disabilitas di Surakarta

2026-05-24T13:57:12+00:00

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities generally experience difficulties in expressive language skills, which impact communication, social interaction, and the learning process. Learning methods appropriate to the child's cognitive characteristics are needed, one of which is storytelling, which is considered effective in stimulating vocabulary, sentence structure, and speaking confidence. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of storytelling on improving expressive language skills in children with intellectual disabilities in Surakarta. Methods: The study used a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 15 children with intellectual disabilities, selected using a total sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through observation and a validated Expressive Verbal Vocabulary Test (EVO). The storytelling intervention was administered over eight structured sessions. Results: The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis showed an increase in expressive language skills in the majority of respondents after the storytelling intervention. Fourteen of the 15 children experienced an increase in their post-test scores compared to their pre-test scores, and the statistical test results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The storytelling method is effective in improving expressive language skills in children with intellectual disabilities and can be used as an alternative intervention strategy in learning and speech therapy.

Keywords: Storytelling Method, Expressive Language, Intellectual Disability.

Perbedaan Pengaruh Interval Walking Training dan Aerobic Exercise terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Total pada Individu dengan Risiko Stroke

2026-06-22T04:26:54+00:00

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and is closely associated with elevated total cholesterol levels as a major risk factor. Prevention efforts can be carried out through non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, including Interval Walking Training (IWT) and Aerobic Exercise. Objectives: To determine the difference in the effects of Interval Walking Training and Aerobic Exercise on reducing total cholesterol levels in individuals at risk of stroke. Methods: This study used a quasi experimental design with two intervention groups. The study was conducted in RW 10, Ciracas, East Jakarta. A total of 50 participants aged 45–70 years were divided into IWT and Aerobic Exercise groups. The interventions were conducted for 4 weeks with a frequency of 2 times per week. Total cholesterol levels were measured before and after the intervention using a digital cholesterol meter. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test/Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test. Result: Both interventions showed a reduction in total cholesterol levels after treatment. However, the Aerobic Exercise group demonstrated a greater reduction compared to the IWT group. There was a difference in effect between the two groups, although individual response variations were observed. Conclusion: Aerobic Exercise is more effective than IWT in reducing total cholesterol levels in individuals at risk of stroke.

Keywords: Stroke, Total Cholesterol Levels, IWT, Aerobik Exercise, Stroke Risk.

Penambahan Latihan Core Stability terhadap Performa Ekstremitas Atas pada Atlet Basket

2026-05-24T14:03:44+00:00

Background: Upper extremity performance is an important component in basketball that influences the success of techniques such as passing and shooting. Core muscle stability serves as the linking mechanism for force transfer from proximal to distal segments; insufficient core stability can reduce movement accuracy and arm strength. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of adding core stability exercises on upper extremity performance in basketball athletes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The sample consisted of 28 basketball athletes aged 14–18 years selected by purposive sampling, divided into a treatment group (routine training + core stability, n=14) and a control group (routine training only, n=14). The intervention was conducted for 4 weeks at a frequency of 3 times per week. Upper extremity performance was measured using the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (UQYBT). Results: Based on paired Sample T-Test results showed significant improvement in upper extremity performance in both the treatment group (p=0.000) and the control group (p=0.001–0.002). The mean improvement of the treatment group was greater than the control group: 1.21±0.53 (right) and 0.93±0.45 (left) compared to 0.41±0.37 (right) and 0.29±0.29 (left). The Independent T-Test showed a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.000). Conclusion: The addition of core stability training significantly improved upper extremity performance in basketball athletes, with a greater effect compared to routine training alone.

Keywords : Upper Extremity Performance, Basketball Athletes, Core Stability Exercise, Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test.

Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Keparahan dan Intervensi Terapi dengan Kemampuan Fungsional Anak Cerebral Palsy

2026-05-29T09:10:16+00:00

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent neurological disorder that causes motor impairments in children, affecting their functional abilities, mobility, and social participation. Therapeutic interventions and the severity of cerebral palsy are thought to play a role in improving the functional abilities of children with CP. However, studies that comprehensively assess these factors remain limited, particularly in Indonesia. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify factors contributing to the functional abilities of children with CP using an evidence-based approach. Methods: This study employed a retrospective cohort design with multivariate analysis. Secondary data were obtained from the 2024 PPRBM database. Analysis was conducted in stages, beginning with descriptive analysis to characterize the sample, followed by bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and General Linear Model. Results: A combination of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy was found to be significantly associated with improved functional ability (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.15–16.16). Children with mild CP showed a significant reduction in the risk of functional disability (OR = 0.0; 95% CI: 0.00–0.02; p < 0.001), while those with moderate CP also showed a significant effect (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.03–0.81; p < 0.05). In the severe and moderate-to-severe CP categories, there was a trend toward a negative association, though it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The severity of Cerebral Palsy is the most dominant and significant factor influencing the functional ability of children with CP.

Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Functional Ability, Therapy.

Pengaruh Digital Literacy terhadap Kemampuan Reading Comprehension Anak Usia Sekolah: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-06-11T08:47:34+00:00

Background: Rapid technological development has transformed reading instruction among school-age children. Digital literacy has become an essential twenty-first century competency because it enables learners to access, understand, evaluate, and utilize information through digital media. Previous studies have reported positive effects of digital media on reading comprehension; however, findings remain varied. Objectives: To analyze and synthesize evidence regarding the influence of digital literacy on reading comprehension among school-age children. Methods: This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 framework. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and DOAJ databases. Eligible studies were published between 2020 and 2026 and focused on digital literacy and reading comprehension among school-age children. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized narratively. Results: The findings indicate that digital literacy positively influences reading comprehension skills. Positive outcomes include improved understanding of texts, increased reading motivation and engagement, enhanced learning participation, and stronger critical thinking skills. Commonly used digital media included digital storybooks, digital flipbooks, Let’s Read applications, BukuAku, interactive e-books, and digital audiovisual learning media. Conclusion: Digital literacy contributes positively to reading comprehension among school-age children. Its effectiveness is influenced by digital media quality, teacher competence, learning environment support, and students’ ability to manage digital distractions.

Keywords: Digital literacy, Reading Comprehension, School-Age Children, Digital Learning, Reading Literacy.

Pembelajaran Membaca Awal dan Risiko Disleksia: Preliminary Study Praktik Pengenalan Phonic Sound di Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar

2026-06-12T09:05:10+00:00

Background: Early reading was a critical foundation for children’s literacy development, particularly in helping them recognize the relationship between letters and sounds as the basis for decoding. Limited mastery of these early reading skills may increase the risk of reading difficulties, including dyslexia. Objectives: This study aimed to describe teachers’ profiles, knowledge, phonics teaching practices, and factors influencing the implementation of phonics in early reading instruction for children aged 6–7 years. Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. The respondents were 35 teachers who taught children aged 6–7 years and were selected using purposive sampling. The instrument consisted of a teacher profile form and a checklist covering teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, phonics teaching practices, and factors influencing the implementation of phonics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most teachers have more than five years of teaching experience (69%); however, 53% have never attended phonics training and 86% have never attended early reading training. Teachers’ knowledge of phonics varies, with very low and low categories each accounting for 23%. Phonics teaching practices are also not optimal, as 43% of teachers are in the very low category. The main implementation barriers are the need for further phonics training and difficulties in teaching speech sounds. Conclusion: Phonics-based early reading instruction needs to be strengthened through practical teacher training, learning media, instructional guidelines, and early reading identification to support the prevention of reading difficulties and dyslexia risk.

Keywords: Dyslexia Risk, Early Reading Instruction, Elementary School, Phonics Method, Teacher Practice.

Hubungan Antara Aktivitas di Luar Ruangan dan Karakteristik Kesehatan Lansia

2026-06-21T10:24:36+00:00

Background: Aging is a series of biological changes that occur in the body as we age and is characterized by a decline in physical abilities and an increased risk of disease. Increasing physical disorders can cause changes in the health of the elderly such as chronic diseases and complaints about the life they live such as the elderly becoming less active and tending to spend less time outdoors compared to their previous age. Several studies have shown positive results that exposure to activities carried out and the length of time spent outdoors on the health of the elderly. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between outdoor activities and the health characteristics of the elderly at the Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) in Dukuh Tempuran, Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a correlational research design. The study population was the Posyandu for the elderly in Dukuh Tempuran, Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, totaling 130 people. The sampling technique used incidental sampling technique obtained 105 people. Data collection used 2 questionnaires, namely the COPM questionnaire for the variable of functional independence characteristics and the Berg Balance Scale questionnaire for the variable of outdoor activities. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square(X²). Results: Chi-Square(X²) statistical test results obtained a p-value of 0,001 (p < 0,05) X²= 35,452), which means there is a relationship between outdoor activities and the health characteristics of the elderly at the Dukuh Tempuran Integrated Health Post, Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Conclusion: Outdoor activities have an important protective role for the health characteristics of the elderly. Therefore, the provision of accessible green open spaces and social support is crucial to facilitate an active lifestyle for the elderly.

Keywords: Outdoor Activities, Health Characteristics, Elderly, Physical Activity.

Oral-Motor Function and Breastfeeding Outcomes in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate: Implications for Early Feeding Management and Speech-Language Therapy

2026-06-22T03:54:47+00:00

Background: Infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have orofacial structural abnormalities that may impair breastfeeding ability, particularly in generating intraoral pressure and coordinating sucking, swallowing, and breathing. This condition may negatively affect nutritional status, growth, and oral-motor function development. Speech-language therapy plays an important role in supporting successful feeding through assessment, intervention, and family education. Objectives: To examine breastfeeding ability in infants with CLP, its implications for oral-motor function, and the role of speech-language therapy in supporting successful feeding. Methods: This study employed a literature review design by examining five articles that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis focused on studies addressing breastfeeding, oral-motor function, and speech-language therapy interventions in infants with CLP. Results: Infants with CLP experience breastfeeding difficulties due to orofacial structural abnormalities that affect sucking, swallowing, and respiratory coordination. These difficulties increase the risk of inadequate nutritional intake and feeding problems. Breastfeeding success can be improved through lactation support, appropriate feeding strategies, and a multidisciplinary approach. Speech-language therapists contribute through oral-motor assessment, oral-motor stimulation, recommendations for appropriate feeding techniques, and parent education. Conclusion: Breastfeeding ability in infants with CLP is closely associated with oral-motor function. Early involvement of speech-language therapy and appropriate feeding support are essential for improving feeding outcomes, preventing complications, and optimizing child growth and development.

Keywords: Cleft Lip And Palate, Breastfeeding, Oral-Motor Function, Speech-Language Therapy.

Analisis Performa Kemampuan Sintaksis pada Anak Usia Prasekolah

2026-06-23T08:54:39+00:00

Background: Language acquisition is a series of processes through which children naturally acquire and develop language while learning their first language, progressing through several stages from babbling to full fluency. Language consists of several components, including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Syntactic ability is a fundamental aspect of child language development, reflecting an individual’s capacity to organize words into meaningful and grammatically appropriate sentence structures. The preschool period is a sensitive developmental stage during which syntactic skills rapidly develop through social interaction, play, and linguistic stimulation from both family and early educational environments. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the syntactic performance of preschool-aged children using the NSST instrument. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, descriptive-analytic cross-sectional design to describe the profile of syntactic abilities among preschool children. The study used a single variable: the syntactic performance of preschool-aged children. Results: The findings showed that the highest Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) score was 4.84, the lowest was 0.89, and the average MLU score was 3.25. One-word utterances consisted of Subject (S) patterns in 58 occurrences (5.34%), Predicate (P) patterns in 84 occurrences (7.73%), Object (O) patterns in 25 occurrences (2.30%), and Adverbial/Complement (K) patterns in 34 occurrences (3.13%). Phrase-level utterances (two-word combinations) consisted of S–P patterns in 152 occurrences (14.00%), S–K in 74 (6.81%), S–O in 8 (0.74%), P–O in 124 (11.42%), P–K in 24 (2.21%), O–P in 1 (0.09%), and O–K in 1 (0.09%). Sentence-level syntactic structures included S–P–O in 385 occurrences (35.45%), S–P–K in 57 (5.25%), S–O–P in 3 (0.28%), S–K–O in 9 (0.83%), P–O–S in 2 (0.18%), P–S–O in 1 (0.09%), P–O–K in 8 (0.74%), S–P–O–K in 34 (3.13%), S–P–K–O in 1 (0.09%), and S–K–P–O in 1 (0.09%). Overall, the syntactic performance of the 30 participants was dominated by S–P–O patterns (35.45%), followed by S–P (14.00%) and P–O (11.42%). Conclusion: The analysis of syntactic patterns demonstrated that preschool children could produce a variety of utterance forms, ranging from single-word utterances to complex sentences. The predominance of Subject–Predicate–Object (SPO) structures and simple declarative sentences indicates that most children had developed the ability to construct relatively complete sentences to express ideas, needs, and experiences. These findings suggest that utterance length and syntactic complexity develop concurrently as part of children’s language development.

Keywords: Language Acquisition, Syntax, Preschool Children, Linguistics, Sentence Analysis.

Kontribusi Terapi Kelompok Role Play terhadap Skill Interaksi Sosial Pasien Skizofrenia

2026-06-24T06:00:38+00:00

Background: Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, emotion, and behavior. In severe cases, patients lose touch with reality, resulting in abnormal thinking and behavior. Common problems in schizophrenia include neglect of appearance, social withdrawal, incoherence, catatonia, anxiety, and hallucinations. Group role-playing therapy is conducted in a group with several members who dramatize a scenario or role that has a purpose and rules, and involves elements of enjoyment. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of group role-playing therapy on social interaction skills in schizophrenia patients at Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Mental Hospital, Lawang. The role-playing interventions included portraying folklore characters, acting out scenarios, and composing and reciting poetry. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 25 patients with schizophrenia. The instrument used was the SIAS (Social Interaction Anxiety Scale), administered before and after the intervention. Methods: This study was a pre-experimental study using a one-group pre- and post-test design. The results of the normality test showed that the data were not normally distributed, so the nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used. Results: The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05), indicating a significant difference in social interaction skills before and after role-playing group therapy at Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Mental Hospital, Lawang. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effect of role-playing group therapy on social interaction skills in schizophrenia patients.

Keywords: Group Role-Playing Therapy, Social Interaction, Schizophrenia.

Estimasi Proporsi Anak Usia 3-4 Tahun yang Mengalami Hambatan Kesalahan Artikulasi di Kecamatan Jebres Surakarta

2026-07-02T00:48:50+00:00

Background: Articulation is one of the basic capital for speech and language. At approximately 8 years of age, children are able to pronounce all vowels, consonants, and double consonants are the last consonants in all articulation development that children have at 8 years old. In early childhood education students aged 3 to 4 years, they should be able to produce all sounds appropriate to their articulation development age. Therefore, if at that age children still experience articulation errors and do not receive proper detection, it is feared that they will become permanent articulation problems. In this regard, there is no definitive data on the number of children with articulation disorders in Indonesia. Therefore, research is needed to estimate the proportion of early childhood education students aged 3 to 4 years who have articulation errors. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of preschool children aged 3 to 4 years who have articulation errors in Jebres District, Surakarta City. Methods: This study used a survey method with a data analysis technique of estimating proportions at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). There was no intervention/treatment for respondents, and only one observation was conducted without follow-up. This study was conducted at the following preschool/kindergarten in Jebres District, Surakarta: Raudhatul Athfal Al Kautsar PAUD, AL Kautsar Foundation, Surakarta, Tegal Mulyo, RT 03, RW 04, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta, using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument in this study consists of two devices, the instrument in this study is in the form of an Articulation Test in Children who have ISBN: 978-623-97054-4-2 2021 and HKI: EC00202134473, July 21 (2021).8 The author's work, this instrument consists of two devices, a test device book with user instructions, in which it is equipped with pictures of language sounds to be assessed, to motivate children and a form in the form of a response sheet consisting of test responses. Results: The test device book can be used by all children who will be tested, while the test response sheet is filled in by the examiner. This instrument is used to assess the possibilities of each child's speech results, namely normal, substitution, omission, distortion and addition. Conclusion: Based on the survey and data analysis at a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05), the overall results of 25 samples were 5 students (20%) with an estimated proportion ranging from 12.00% <π <28.00%. PAUD students aged 3 to 4 years who have articulation/pronunciation errors of Indonesian phonemes. Reviewed by PAUD students who are male and female aged 3 to 4 years, the number is greater, namely 4 students (16%) with an estimate of 8.67% <π <23.33% compared to female students, namely 1 student (4%) with an estimate of 0.08% <π <7.29%. That of the 4 types of articulation errors, substitution errors are most often made by PAUD students aged 3 to 4 years, namely 3 students (12%) with an estimated proportion ranging from 5.50%. <π<18.50%. Furthermore, omissions were found in 1 student (4%) with an estimated proportion of 0.08% <π<7.29% and addition problems were found in 1 student (4%) and there were no articulation errors in the form of distortion. Therefore, the interpretation of the analysis results is that there are two types of characteristics of early childhood education students aged 3 to 4 years who have articulation errors: characteristics based on gender and type of articulation error.

Keywords: Proportion Estimation, Lower Grade Elementary School Students, Articulation Errors.

Pengembangan dan Validasi Instrumen Health Belief Model untuk Pencegahan Stroke pada Pasien Hipertensi

2026-07-02T01:09:22+00:00

Background: Stroke is one of the most serious complications of hypertension and remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Effective stroke prevention among patients with hypertension requires an understanding of health perceptions and preventive behaviors. Therefore, a valid and reliable instrument based on the Health Belief Model was needed to assess these constructs accurately. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of a Health Belief Model-based instrument for measuring health perceptions and stroke prevention behaviors among patients with hypertension. Methods: This quantitative study employed an instrument development design. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire developed based on the constructs of the Health Belief Model, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and stroke prevention behaviors. The study involved 20 older adults diagnosed with hypertension who were selected using purposive sampling. Item validity was assessed using Pearson Product Moment correlation, while reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Results: The findings indicate that 20 of the 25 health perception items meet the validity criteria, while five items are not valid. All 10 items measuring stroke prevention behaviors are valid. The instrument demonstrates excellent internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.947 for the health perception scale and 0.925 for the stroke prevention behavior scale. These findings indicate that the developed instrument adequately measures the intended constructs. Conclusion: The Health Belief Model-based instrument demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing health perceptions and stroke prevention behaviors among patients with hypertension. The instrument can serve as a useful tool for future research and health promotion programs aimed at reducing stroke risk in hypertensive populations.

Keywords: Health Belief Model, Validity, Reliability, Hypertension, Stroke Prevention.

Efektivitas Augmentative and Alternative Communication Berbasis Picture Exchange Communication System terhadap Penurunan Perilaku Tantrum Pada Anak Nonverbal: Studi Kuasi-Eksperimen

2026-06-29T06:55:34+00:00

Background: Communication barriers in nonverbal children often lead to difficulties in expressing their needs and wants effectively. This condition may result in tantrum behavior as a form of maladaptive communication arising from communication-related frustration. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), particularly the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), is an intervention developed to improve functional communication while reducing problem behaviors. Although the effectiveness of AAC in enhancing communication skills has been widely studied, empirical evidence regarding its influence on reducing tantrum behavior among nonverbal children in Indonesia remains limited. Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of PECS-based AAC in reducing the frequency and duration of tantrum behavior in nonverbal children aged 7–8 years. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The sample consisted of 15 nonverbal children aged 7–8 years, selected through purposive sampling. The intervention, which involved PECS, was administered for eight weeks at a frequency of three sessions per week. The frequency and duration of tantrum behavior were measured using observation sheets before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed descriptively, while hypothesis testing was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The average frequency of tantrums decreased from 24.33 to 1.87 episodes per week, and the average duration of tantrums decreased from 13.33 to 2.87 minutes per episode. The Wilcoxon test results revealed a significant difference between conditions before and after the intervention (p < 0.05), with a large effect size. Conclusion: PECS-based AAC is effective in reducing the frequency and duration of tantrum behavior in nonverbal children. These findings indicate that providing functional communication tools can reduce maladaptive behaviors triggered by communication barriers. AAC may be considered as one of the interventions in speech therapy practice to improve communication skills and support behavioral management in nonverbal children.

Keywords: Augmentative And Alternative Communication, PECS, Nonverbal Children, Tantrum, Speech Therapy.

Occupational-Based Intervention Meningkatkan Fungsi Muskuloskeletal dan Occupational Performance Pasien Fraktur Ekstremitas Atas Post ORIF

2026-06-25T01:22:51+00:00

Background: Post-surgery, patients with upper extremity fractures often experience limited joint range of motion and muscle strength, which impacts occupational performance. Occupational-Based Intervention (OBI) integrates meaningful activities into patients' daily lives as part of the rehabilitation process. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of Occupational-Based Intervention on musculoskeletal function and occupational performance of patients with upper extremity fractures after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted at the Occupational Therapy Unit of RSUD. Wonosari Gunungkidul. A sample of 35 people (25 in the intervention group and 10 in the control group) was obtained using a purposive sampling technique. Research variables were measured using a goniometer, manual muscle strength tests, and the Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM). Research data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney test, and Cohen's d test using SPSS version 25. Results: The majority of the study subjects were male (60%), had a radius fracture (42.86%), and had difficulty dressing (25.71%). The results of the paired comparison test of data on range of motion, muscle strength, and occupational performance in the treatment and control groups showed p <0.05. The results of the comparison test of data on changes in range of motion and muscle strength between groups were not significant (p>0.05), but changes in occupational performance were significant (p<0.05). The results of the Cohen's test showed low intervention effectiveness (d<0.5) on LGS and muscle strength in both groups, as well as occupational performance in the control group. The effectiveness of the intervention on occupational performance in the treatment group was categorized as moderate (d≤0.5). Conclusion: Occupational-Based Intervention (OBI) significantly improves musculoskeletal function (joint range of motion and muscle strength) and occupational performance in patients with upper extremity fractures after ORIF. OBI is more effective in improving occupational performance (performance and satisfaction) than biomechanical approaches.

Keywords: Fracture, Musculoskeletal, Occupational, Performance.

Eksplorasi Tantangan dan Strategi Koping pada Caregiver Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

2026-06-26T02:09:03+00:00

Background: Raising a child with special needs can be difficult and stressful, making it important for parents to have effective coping strategies to manage the stress they experience. Coping can be defined as the cognitive and behavioral efforts made to control, tolerate, or reduce the demands, external and internal conflicts created by stressful situations. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the psychological impact and coping strategies of mothers raising children with special needs. Methods: This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was conducted through semi- structured interview (in depth interview) using thematic data analysis. Respondents in this study were seven mothers who care special needs children for a min 1 year and a max 5 years. Results: The results s of the study revealed four main themes: (1) Challenges of Raising Children with Special Needs, with 4 sub-themes: emotional responses, self-acceptance, varied behaviors of children with special needs, and environmental barriers; (2) Impacts on Mothers with Children with Special Needs, with 2 sub-themes: unstable emotions and decreased productivity; (3) Coping Strategies, with 3 sub-themes: religiosity aspects, social support, and me- time; (4) Psychological Resilience, with 2 sub-themes: self-awareness and positive outlook. Conclusion: The challenges for mothers in caring children with special needs are feeling emotional responses, including sadness, self-acceptance such as denial of their child's condition, varying child behavior, and an unsupportive family environment. The impact on mothers with children with special needs is that mothers find it difficult to control their emotions and their productivity decreases. Coping strategies carried out by mothers with children with special needs include religious aspects, social support from the family, and me time. Resilience is needed to overcome the stress of parenting experienced by mothers, such as self- awareness and positive outlook.

Keywords: Mothers Caring For Children With Special Needs, Psychological Impact, Coping Strategy.

Hubungan Aktivitas Leisure terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Mahasiswa Tingkat I Program Sarjana Terapan Jurusan Okupasi Terapi Poltekkes Surakarta

2026-06-26T05:06:25+00:00

Background: First-year university students are vulnerable to a decline in psychological well-being due to the adaptation process to the higher education environment and high academic demands. Leisure activities are seen as a strategy that can help maintain students' psychological well-being. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between leisure activities and psychological well-being in first-year students of the Applied Bachelor Program, Department of Occupational Therapy, Surakarta Health Polytechnic. Methods: The study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 130 students was selected using a total sampling technique. Data collection used the Leisure Activity Scale (LAS) and Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) questionnaires. Data analysis used the Spearman's rho correlation test. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between leisure activities and psychological well-being (0.479; p < 0.001). The higher the students' leisure activities, the higher their level of psychological well-being. Conclusion: Leisure activities play an important role in supporting the psychological well-being of first-year university students.

Keywords: Leisure Activities, Psychological Well-Being, Mental Health, Occupational Therapy.

Pengaruh Metode Story Telling terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa

2026-07-02T08:51:24+00:00

Background: English speaking skills are an important competency for health students, but many students still experience difficulties due to lack of practice and self-confidence. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of the storytelling method on the English speaking skills of students of the Physiotherapy Department of the Ministry of Health Polytechnic of Surakarta. Methods: The study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample consisted of 149 students with a total sampling technique. The research instruments were speaking tests and observation sheets. Data analysis used a paired sample t-test. Results: The results showed an increase in the average score from 62.45 to 78.12 with a difference of 15.67 points and a significance value of p <0.001. Conclusion: The storytelling method has been proven to have a significant effect in improving students' English speaking skills.

Keywords: Storytelling, Speaking Skills, English, EFL Learning.

Pengaruh Senam Lansia terhadap Keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada Pra Lanjut Usia di Posyandu Telasih V Desa Kragilan Gantiwarno Klaten

2026-06-26T06:43:17+00:00

Background: Older adults often experience physical, social, and mental decline, affecting independence in daily activities. In Indonesia, the proportion of older adults (>60 years) has increased, reaching 11.75% in 2023. Physical changes, particularly in the musculoskeletal system, can impair mobility and reduce muscle strength. Elderly exercise is one effort to reduce complaints by increasing synovial fluid, which lubricates joints, relieves pain, and improves body function. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of elderly exercise on musculoskeletal complaints among pre-elderly at Posyandu Telasih, Kragilan Village, Gantiwarno, Klaten. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a Pre-Experimental design using a one-group pre-post test. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 30 participants. The instrument used was the Nordic Body Map. Elderly exercise was conducted in 8 sessions over 4 weeks. Data analysis was performed using the paired t-test. Results: The findings indicate that all respondents were female (100.0%), with the majority being middle-aged (53.3%). Most respondents had a normal body mass index (43.3%), and musculoskeletal complaints were more common among elderly individuals working as farmers and laborers (33.3%). The paired t-test results showed a Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000, indicating a p-value < 0.05, which means that elderly exercise significantly affects musculoskeletal complaints in the elderly. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of elderly exercise on musculoskeletal complaints in the elderly at Posyandu Telasih, Kragilan Village, Gantiwarno, Klaten.

Keywords: Elderly Exercise, Elderly, Musculoskeletal Complaints.

Profile of Reading Accuracy in Second Grade Elementary School Students

2026-06-29T10:08:52+00:00

Background: Reading accuracy in second grade is a critical foundation for literacy. In second grade, children are in the early stages of learning to read, a critical phase for their future literacy development. This phase is often referred to as learning to read, during which children build the foundations of decoding, fluency, and early comprehension strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the reading accuracy profile of second-grade elementary students, including mean, variation, and score distribution by gender and age. Methods: A quantitative descriptive method was used with 25 students (age 7.1–8.9 years, 48% male, 52% female). The instrument used was the reading subtests of the Indonesian Phonological Awareness Test (IPAT) developed and validated by Wibawati et al. (2025), consisting of three subtests: word reading, non‑word reading, and sentence reading (each score range 0–10). Descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, frequency distribution) were applied. Results: Results showed very good mean scores (8.16–8.32), high medians (8–10), but moderate standard deviations (2.04–2.56). A total of 60–68% of students achieved the maximum score of 10, but 4% scored 0. The distribution tended to be negatively skewed. No notable differences were found between male and female scores. Conclusion: the majority of students have mastered reading accuracy well, yet variation still exists and a small group with very low scores requires early intervention.

Keywords: Reading Accuracy, Second Grade Elementary School, Ability Profile, Basic Literacy, IPAT.

A Systematic Review of Prosody Implementation by Speech-Language Pathologists in Therapeutic Interaction

2026-06-29T10:11:04+00:00

Background: Prosody (intonation, pitch, stress, rhythm, speech rate) plays a dual role in speech-language therapy: as both an intervention target and a therapeutic communication tool. Objectives: This study aimed to systematically analyze the implementation of prosody by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in therapeutic interactions, encompassing clinical practices, barriers, and psychological factors. Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ASHAWire for studies published between 2015 and 2026. Of 1,240 identified articles, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Thematic synthesis revealed four main themes: low frequency of prosody assessment (only 18–23% of SLPs routinely assessed prosody); primary barriers including lack of formal training (74%), knowledge deficits (67%), and unavailability of practical assessment tools (72–82%); psychological factors positively correlated with clinical practice frequency; and a consistent implementation gap across countries (USA, France, India, Germany). Conclusion: This study recommends integrating prosody as a core competency in SLP curricula and developing practical, validated prosody assessment tools.

Keywords: Prosody, Speech-Language Pathologist, Speech Therapist, Therapeutic Interaction, Systematic Review.

Hubungan Occupational Balance dengan Faktor Risiko Gangguan Kardiovaskular pada Mahasiswa

2026-07-01T05:09:45+00:00

Background: The university environment influences students' activity patterns, which impact occupational balance. Occupational balance is related to health and well-being. Blood pressure is an indicator of cardiovascular risk, influenced by a person's activity patterns. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between occupational balance and blood pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders in students. Methods: The study used a quantitative observational method with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at the Occupational Therapy Department of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Surakarta. The study population was second and third-year students of the Applied Bachelor of Occupational Therapy Study Program, with a sample of 218 people (total sampling). The occupational balance (OB) variable was measured using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ), while blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using the Pearson test and linear regression using SPSS version 25. Results: The majority of study subjects had good OB (89.4%), and normal blood pressure (61.9%). Good OB tended to have normal blood pressure (67.7-68.7%). OB was significantly negatively correlated (p<0.05) with both systolic (r=-0.463) and diastolic (r=-0.542) blood pressure. OB affected systolic blood pressure by 21.4% (Y=154.60-1.288X), while diastolic blood pressure was affected by 29.6% (Y=107.91-1.029X). Conclusion: Occupational balance was significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure in the moderate category in college students. OB affected both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in college students.

Keywords: Students, Occupational Balance, Blood Pressure, Cardiovaskular.

Morphosyntactic in Children with Development Language Disorder : A Systematic Review

2026-07-02T11:49:25+00:00

Background: Morphosyntax refers to language structure encompassing both morphology and syntax as a unified organization; these two fields are inseparable. Morphology and syntax constitute a single, indivisible component. Child language acquisition is closely linked to social communication; children engage in social communication from birth, and their language development depends on their social environment (Feldman, 2019). Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a condition wherein verbal development disorders are diagnosed when children fail to acquire language without an apparent cause (Bishop, Snowling, Thompson, & Greenhalgh, 2016). Objectives: To analyze the morphosyntactic abilities of children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and to provide additional information on this subject. Methods: This study is a systematic review utilizing data from previous research. A quantitative systematic review aggregates findings from various independent studies to produce a statistical summary of those findings (Last, 2001, cited in Murti, 2018). Results: Preschool children with DLD can demonstrate significant improvement in morphosyntactic skills. Conclusion: While an improvement in morphosyntactic skills was observed during the intervention period, it could not be definitively attributed to the intervention itself, as both target structures and control structures showed improvement during that time.

Keywords: Morphosyntactic, DLD, Systematic Review.

Pengaruh Brain Gym Exercise terhadap Tingkat Gangguan Kognitif Lansia di Posyandu Lansia Bina Sehat Desa Donohudan, Kecamatan Ngemplak, Kabupaten Boyolali

2026-07-02T12:10:08+00:00

Background: Elderly is someone with an age reaching more than 60 years. The elderly experience physical decline, cognitive decline, and social decline. Cognitive impairment can affect the brain's ability to concentrate attention, focus, calculate, decision making, logic and abstract thinking. Brain Gym is a set of simple movements that can balance parts of the brain. Brain Gym is able to improve the cognitive abilities of the elderly. Objectives: This study is to determine the effect of Brain Gym exercises on the level of cognitive impairment among the elderly at Posyandu Bina Sehat, Donohudan, Ngemplak, Boyolali. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with the one-group pretest-posttest method. Hypothesis test used is paired T-test. Brain Gym Exercise intervention was carried out for 8 therapy sessions. The sample was 24 elderly women. Using the MoCa-Ina instrument. Results: The results of this study showed that the sample was dominated by the age of 55-65 years as many as 18 samples (75%) and the latest education was elementary and high school as many as 10 samples (41.7%). From the data normality test analysis using shapiro-wilk with a p value in the pre-test 0.231 and post-test 0.269 it shows the p-value (> 0.05). Hypothesis testing using paired T-test showed that the hypothesis was accepted because the p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: The provision of Brain Gym Exercise Intervention affects the level of cognitive impairment of the elderly in Elderly Posyandu Bina Sehat Donohudan Village, Ngemplak District, Boyolali Regency

Keywords: Brain Gym Exercise, Level Of Cognitive Impairment, Elderly.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat tentang Penerapan Metode Phonetic Placement pada Anak Hearing Impairment di Banjarsari Surakarta

2026-07-03T02:42:35+00:00

Background: Hearing impairment hinders a child's ability to perceive sounds. A hearing-impaired child is one who experiences partial or total hearing loss due to the malfunction of some or all auditory mechanisms, rendering them unable to utilize hearing in daily life (Iswari, 2017). Objectives: To analyze the community's understanding regarding the application of the phonetic placement method for children with hearing impairments. Methods: Descriptive analysis was employed to examine the data by describing or illustrating the collected information exactly as it is, without intending to draw broad conclusions or generalizations (Sugiyono, 2022). Results: This activity focused on community members who have children with hearing impairments in the village. Conclusion: One consequence of hearing impairment is articulation disorder; articulation disorder refers to difficulty in producing speech sounds, such as letters, words, syllables, and sentences.

Keywords: Phonetic Placement, Hearing Impairment, Surakarta.

Eksplorasi Pengalaman Orang Tua terhadap Persiapan Kerja Individu dengan Disabilitas

2026-07-03T06:33:03+00:00

Backgroud: Although employment participation among individuals with disabilities remains low, little is known about how parents prepare their children for employment in the Indonesian context.. This is influenced by limited opportunities from companies and the role of parents in work preparation. Objectives: This study aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of parents regarding work preparation for individuals with disabilities in a phenomenological context, using several population criteria in several cities in Java. Methods: This study is a qualitative phenomenological study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight parents of individuals with disabilities, obtained through accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: This study yielded three main themes: (1) Parents' perspectives influence the hopes and beliefs in work preparation of individuals with disabilities, (2) Parental participation in supporting the work preparation of individuals with disabilities, and (3) Challenges faced by parents in the work preparation of individuals with disabilities. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that parental perspectives play a significant role in shaping the work readiness of individuals with disabilities. Parents actively participate in the process through skill development, emotional support, and collaboration with professionals. Furthermore, parents face several challenges, such as concerns about individual limitations, limited access to information, and the support systems needed to prepare individuals to enter the workforce.

Keywords: Individuals With Disabilities, Work Preparation, Parental Perspectives.

Efektivitas Program Rehabilitasi Pasca Tuberkulosis terhadap Kapasitas Fungsional: Meta-Analisis

2026-07-24T09:11:49+00:00

Background: Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease (PTLD) is a common long-term consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis that may persist despite successful anti-tuberculosis treatment, resulting in reduced functional capacity. Post-tuberculosis rehabilitation has been recommended to improve physical function; however, evidence regarding its effectiveness remains inconsistent. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of post-tuberculosis rehabilitation on functional capacity through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to 2025. Randomized controlled trials and prospective controlled intervention studies reporting Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) outcomes in patients with PTLD were included. Data were analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 with a random-effects model, and pooled effects were expressed as Mean Difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Six studies involving 492 participants met the inclusion criteria. Post-tuberculosis rehabilitation significantly improved functional capacity compared with standard care (MD = 109.32 m; 95% CI = 44.13–174.50; p = 0.001). Despite substantial heterogeneity (I² = 98%), sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings. Conclusion: Post tuberculosis rehabilitation effectively improves functional capacity in patients with PTLD and should be considered an integral component of comprehensive post-tuberculosis care.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Functional Capacity, Six-Minute Walk Test, Meta-Analysis.